Atlantide in Nord Europa - Atlantis in Northern Europe
4 Articoli 1 in Italiano e 3 in Inglese riguardo Atlantide situata in Nord Europa
4 Articles 1 in Italian 3 in English about Atlantis located in North Europe
www.antikitera.net
TROVATA ATLANTIDE NEI MARI DEL NORD? RINVENUTO UN'IMMENSO
CONTINENTE DI 8500 ANNI (abitato da decine di migliaia di persone) DISTRUTTO DA
UNO TSUNAMI
Un mondo nascosto sott'acqua inghiottita dal Mare del
Nord è stato scoperto dai ricercatori dell'Università di St Andrews. Una vasta
area di terra asciutta che si estendeva dalla Scozia alla Danimarca fu
lentamente sommersa dalle acque tra i 18.000 aC e 5500 aC. Divers dalle compagnie petrolifere hanno
trovato i resti di un 'mondo sommerso' con una popolazione di decine di
migliaia di persone che potrebbe essere stato una volta il 'cuore vero e
proprio' dell' Europa. Un team di archeologi, climatologi e geofisici han
mappato l'area con i nuovi dati dalle compagnie petrolifere - e ha rivelato
tutta la misura di una 'terra perduta', una volta attraversata da mammut. La
ricerca suggerisce che le popolazioni di queste terre, ora sott'acqua avrebbero
potuto essere decine di migliaia di persone, che vivevano in un'area che si
estendeva dal Nord della Scozia, per tutta la Danimarca e giù per il canale
della Manica, fino alle Isole del Canale. La zona era una volta il 'cuore vero
e proprio' d'Europa ed è stato colpito da 'uno tsunami devastante', i
ricercatori sostengono.
L'onda era parte di un processo più ampio che ha sommerso
la zona bassa nel corso di migliaia di anni.
'Il nome fu coniato per Dogger Bank, ma si applica a
tutti i periodi di più quando il Mare del Nord era allora terra emersa', dice
Richard Bates della University of St Andrews. 'Circa 20.000 anni fa, c'era un'
massimo '- anche se parte di questa zona sarebbe stata coperta di ghiaccio.
Quando il ghiaccio si scioglieva contemporaneamente anche il livello del mare è
andato aumentando. 'Attraverso un sacco di nuovi dati provenienti da compagnie
petrolifere e del gas, siamo in grado di dare una forma al paesaggio - e dare
un senso ai mammut trovati là fuori, e le renne. Siamo in grado di capire i
tipi di persone che erano lì.
'La gente sembra pensare livello del mare sono una cosa
nuova - ma è un ciclo della storia terrestre e questo fatto è successo molte
volte.' Organizzato dal dottor Richard Bates del Dipartimento di Scienze della
Terra a St Andrews, la mostra Paesaggi sottomarini rivela la storia umana
dietro Doggerland, una zona ora sommersa del Mare del Nord che una volta era
più grande di molti paesi europei moderni. I risultati suggeriscono l'immagine
di una terra con le colline e valli, paludi e grandi laghi con grandi fiumi
delimitata da un litorale contorto. Appena il mare è salito sulle colline,
questa porzione dell'europa si è trasformata in un arcipelago composto da isole
basse. Il team di ricerca sta attualmente valutando ulteriori prove del
comportamento umano, compresi gli eventuali luoghi di sepoltura dell'uomo,
pietre in piedi intriganti e una fossa comune mammut. Il dottor Bates ha
aggiunto: Quello che abbiamo scoperto è però una notevole quantità di prove e
siamo ora in grado di individuare i posti migliori per trovare i segni della
vita meglio conservata".
www.dailymail.co.uk
'Britain's
Atlantis' found at bottom of North sea - a huge undersea world swallowed by the
sea in 6500BC
Divers
have found traces of ancient land swallowed by waves 8500 years ago
Doggerland
once stretched from Scotland to Denmark
Rivers
seen underwater by seismic scans
Britain
was not an island - and area under North Sea was roamed by mammoths and other
giant animals
Described
as the 'real heartland' of Europe
Had
population of tens of thousands - but devastated by sea level rises.
'Britain's
Atlantis' - a hidden underwater world swallowed by the North Sea - has been
discovered by divers working with science teams from the University of St
Andrews. Doggerland, a huge area of dry land that stretched from Scotland to
Denmark was slowly submerged by water between 18,000 BC and 5,500 BC.
Divers
from oil companies have found remains of a 'drowned world' with a population of
tens of thousands - which might once have been the 'real heartland' of Europe. A
team of climatologists, archaeologists and geophysicists has now mapped the
area using new data from oil companies - and revealed the full extent of a
'lost land' once roamed by mammoths. Divers from St Andrews University, find
remains of Doggerland, the underwater country dubbed 'Britain's Atlantis'. Dr Richard Bates of the earth sciences
department at St Andrews University, searching for Doggerland, the underwater
country dubbed 'Britain's Atlantis'.
A Greater Britain: How the North Sea grew and
the land-mass shrunk
Drowned
world: Scans show a mound discovered under the water near Orkney, which has
been explored by divers
St
Andrews University's artists' impression of life in Doggerland
The
research suggests that the populations of these drowned lands could have been
tens of thousands, living in an area that stretched from Northern Scotland
across to Denmark and down the English Channel as far as the Channel Islands.
The area
was once the ‘real heartland’ of Europe and was hit by ‘a devastating tsunami',
the researchers claim.
The wave
was part of a larger process that submerged the low-lying area over the course
of thousands of years.
'The
name was coined for Dogger Bank, but it applies to any of several periods when
the North Sea was land,' says Richard Bates of the University of St Andrews.
'Around 20,000 years ago, there was a 'maximum' - although part of this area
would have been covered with ice. When the ice melted, more land was revealed -
but the sea level also rose.
'Through
a lot of new data from oil and gas companies, we’re able to give form to the
landscape - and make sense of the mammoths found out there, and the reindeer.
We’re able to understand the types of people who were there.
'People
seem to think rising sea levels are a
new thing - but it’s a cycle of Earht history that has happened many many
times.'
Organised
by Dr Richard Bates of the Department of Earth Sciences at St Andrews, the
Drowned Landscapes exhibit reveals the human story behind Doggerland, a now
submerged area of the North Sea that was once larger than many modern European
countries.
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Dr
Bates, a geophysicist, said: ‘Doggerland was the real heartland of Europe until
sea levels rose to give us the UK coastline of today.
World
beneath the waves: Scientists examine a sediment core recovered from a mound
near Orkney
Seismic
scans reveal a submerged river at Dogger Bank
A
visualisation of how life in the now-submerged areas of Dogger Bank might have
looked
The
research suggests that the populations of these drowned lands could have been
tens of thousands, living in an area that stretched from Northern Scotland
across to Denmark and down the English Channel as far as the Channel Islands
Life in
'Doggerland' - the ancient kingdom once stretched from Scotland to Denmark and
has been described as the 'real heart of Europe'
‘We have
speculated for years on the lost land's existence from bones dredged by
fishermen all over the North Sea, but it's only since working with oil companies
in the last few years that we have been able to re-create what this lost land
looked like.
‘When
the data was first being processed, I thought it unlikely to give us any useful
information, however as more area was covered it revealed a vast and complex
landscape.
‘We have
now been able to model its flora and fauna, build up a picture of the ancient
people that lived there and begin to understand some of the dramatic events
that subsequently changed the land, including the sea rising and a devastating
tsunami.’
The
research project is a collaboration between St Andrews and the Universities of
Aberdeen, Birmingham, Dundee and Wales Trinity St David.
Rediscovering
the land through pioneering scientific research, the research reveals a story
of a dramatic past that featured massive climate change. The public exhibit
brings back to life the Mesolithic populations of Doggerland through artefacts
discovered deep within the sea bed.
The
research, a result of a painstaking 15 years of fieldwork around the murky
waters of the UK, is one of the highlights of the London event.
The
interactive display examines the lost landscape of Doggerland and includes
artefacts from various times represented by the exhibit - from pieces of flint
used by humans as tools to the animals that also inhabited these lands.
Using a
combination of geophysical modelling of data obtained from oil and gas
companies and direct evidence from material recovered from the seafloor, the
research team was able to build up a reconstruction of the lost land.
The
excavation of Trench 2, unveiling more finds about this lost land-mass
Fossilised
bones from a mammoth also show how this landscape was once one of hills and
valleys, rather than sea
The
findings suggest a picture of a land with hills and valleys, large swamps and
lakes with major rivers dissecting a convoluted coastline.
As the
sea rose the hills would have become an isolated archipelago of low islands. By
examining the fossil record - such as pollen grains, microfauna and macrofauna
- the researchers can tell what kind of vegetation grew in Doggerland and what
animals roamed there.
Using
this information, they were able to build up a model of the 'carrying capacity'
of the land and work out roughly how many humans could have lived there.
The
research team is currently investigating more evidence of human behaviour,
including possible human burial sites, intriguing standing stones and a mass
mammoth grave.
Dr Bates
added: ‘We haven't found an 'x marks the spot' or 'Joe created this', but we
have found many artefacts and submerged features that are very difficult to
explain by natural causes, such as mounds surrounded by ditches and fossilised
tree stumps on the seafloor.
‘There
is actually very little evidence left because much of it has eroded underwater;
it's like trying to find just part of a needle within a haystack. What we have
found though is a remarkable amount of evidence and we are now able to pinpoint
the best places to find preserved signs of life.’
For
further information on the exhibit, visit:
http://sse.royalsociety.org/2012/exhibits/drowned-landscapes/
Drowned Landscapes
is on display at The Royal Society Summer Science Exhibition 2012 from July 3-8
at the Royal Society in London.
http://sse.royalsociety.org
Science
Live 2012 Drowned landscapes
around
the UK and shows how they are being rediscovered through pioneering scientific
research. It reveals their human story through the artefacts left by the people
- a story of a dramatic past that featured lost lands, devastating tsunamis and
massive climate change. These were the challenges that our ancestors met and
that we face once more today.
How it
works
Current
climate change and associated sea level rise are at the forefront of social and
scientific discussion, but research shows that dramatic changes in the
environment have occurred numerous times in the past.
One of
the most significant landscapes lost to sea level rise is the European world of
Doggerland. Occupying much of the North Sea basin, this inundated landscape,
bigger than many modern European countries, was slowly submerged between 18,000
BC and 5,500 BC. Archaeologists now consider Doggerland to have been the
heartland of human occupation within Northern Europe at that time, but
understanding it depends on being able to locate and visualise the landscape. Scientists
have taken a new approach to this by coupling geophysical survey techniques developed
by the oil industry with 3D visualisation technologies developed by the
computer modelling industry. These innovative methodologies allow the
recreation of these once inhabited landscapes, mapping rivers, lakes, hills,
coastlines and estuaries, and the modelling of the flora and fauna associated
with them. These models bring back to life the homeland of these Mesolithic
populations, tantalisingly hinted at by artefacts recovered from the seabed.
They also allow scientists to explore the effects of sea level rise upon the
landscape and its populations in new and more immersive ways that may help the
past provide solutions for the present.
www.andrewcollins.com
Atlantis
in Northern Europe
In 1876
Trubner and Co, a respected English publisher, released a curious work entitled
The Oera Linda Book. It purported to be the translation of a thirteenth-century
ancient Frisian text which spoke of the destruction of a landmass known to
ancient mariners as Atland, and to the Frisians of the Netherlands and Denmark
as the Aldland, the `Old Land'. This lay in the North Sea between Denmark and
the Shetland Isles, and was devastated by floods and cataclysms at a date given
specifically as 2193 BC. The book went on to detail how its displaced peoples,
who worshipped the goddess Freya, eventually settled in Frisia, where they
developed a major maritime culture which traded regularly with the Phoenicians
of the eastern Mediterranean. Indeed, the Oera Linda Book suggests that a Frisian
sea-king named Teunis founded the Phoenician port of Tyre on the Lebanese
coast, c. 2000 BC.
Even
though the ancient text was advertised as genuine, its authenticity was quickly
challenged by scholars. For instance, one of the Frisian sea-kings named Inka
is said to have gone on a quest in search of lost Atland. Having journeyed in
the direction of the setting sun, he finally came across an unknown land where
he established a kingdom. This clearly is a reference to America, inferring
therefore that Inka was the founder of the Inca civilisation of Peru (`inca' is
Peruvian for king). Since we now know that the Incas only rose to power in the
thirteenth century it makes nonsense of the claim made in the Oera Linda Book.
It is also stated that the Greek alphabet is derived from a much earlier
Frisian script. Yet scholars rightly point out that, according to Herodotus,
the Greek alphabet came from Phoenicia, and is thus Semitic in origin. Other
similar irregularities ensured that no academic ever took the book seriously.
The book
was forgotten until 1977 when ancient mysteries writer Robert Scrutton took it
upon himself to write a lengthy commentary and introduction for an abridged
edition of the Oera Linda Book. Entitled The Other Atlantis, it was an instant
bestseller and once again the authenticity of the Frisian text was debated by
scholars and historians alike. Furthermore, the close similarity between the
name Atland and Atlantis made the former North Sea landmass a major candidate
for the site of Plato's ancient kingdom. Despite this new leash of life, the
Oera Linda Book was quickly forgotten and the only references to it which
appear in books today right it off as a nineteenth-century hoax.
Despite
these drawbacks, it is now accepted by archaeologists that a land-bridge did
once exist between Norway and the Shetland Isles. Yet this was drowned by
rising sea-levels as early as 6000-5000 BC, not `2193 BC' as the Oera Linda
Book implies. It therefore seemed unlikely that any major landmass ever existed
in the North Sea, or in the Baltic as has also been proposed.
Recently,
Britain itself has been linked with the traditions surrounding Plato's
Atlantis. Russian scientist Viatscheslav Koudriavtsev of the Institute of
Metahistory in Moscow is convinced that evidence of the island's former
existence will be found on the shallow banks that lie beyond Cornwall's Isles
of Scilly, traditionally the site of lost Lyonesse.
Yet such
ideas make nonsense of Plato's suggestion that the Atlantic island he describes
in his works the Timaeus and Critias, written c. 350 BC, lay in front of an
`opposite continent', very probably the Americas, which `voyagers' could reach
via a series of `other' islands. This is unless we assume that these islands
are those which mark the Northwest Passage from northern Britain to New England
- the route taken by the Vikings to reach Newfoundland in around AD 1000.
Although
there is ample evidence of pre-Columbian contact with New England by Iberic
Phoenician, Carthaginian and Roman seafarers, it seems unlikely that an island
in the North Sea, the Baltic or anywhere off the coast of Britain, would have
been referred to as Atlantis, which means `daughter of Atlas'. Plato's
legendary island takes its name from Atlas, the legendary Titan who was granted
dominion over the lands of the Far West, including West Africa and the
uncharted seas which lay beyond the Pillars of Hercules, the legendary rocks
marked the entrance to the Atlantic or Western Ocean. All this would imply that
only those islands which lay in this direction would have been known as Atlantides,
`daughters of Atlas'. Furthermore, we know that Britain and Northern Europe as
a whole was strongly identified with a legendary location sacred to the sun-god
Apollo called Hyperborea, and not with any of the legendary islands spoken of
in classical tradition.
There
seems to be no good reason to link any site in Northern Europe with Plato's
Atlantis tradition.
